Nur 265 Exam 1 Study Guide Questions And Answers Updated Solution

• Nephrotic Syndrome: o NS is a condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted. o Immunological Kidney disorder o This causes massive loss of protein in the urine, edema formation, and decreased plasma albumin levels. ▪ Proteinuria- severe protein loss more than 3.5 g in 24- hour urine sample. o Key features: ▪ Massive proteinuria >3.5g / 24hrs ▪ Hypoalbuminemia <3g/dL ▪ Edema (facial and periorbital) ▪ Lipiduria ▪ Hyperlipidemia ▪ Increased coagulation (renal vein thrombosis) ▪ Reduced kidney function (↑ BUN, ↑ Cr, ↓ GFR) o Treatment- immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based). ▪ ACE inhibitors (to decreased protein loss in urine & ↓BP) ▪ Statins (improve blood lipid levels). ▪ Heparin (↑ coagulation / risk of thrombosis → treat vascular effects and improve kidney function) o Diet: ▪ If GFR is normal- dietary intake of complete proteins is needed ▪ If GFR is decreased- dietary protein